DAY 1 · MODULE 3
Ports & Protocols
Connect common TCP/UDP ports with the services that use them and the risks of unnecessary exposure.
Understand the concept
Port numbers
TCP services
UDP services
HTTP / HTTPS
SSH
DNS
SMTP
Database ports
Why this matters
Open services define part of a system attack surface. Defenders need to know why each port is available.
See what happens internally
Interactive visualization loads here.
Stage 2 Interactive Lab
Open Interactive LabOperate this concept in a larger realtime simulation and save your practical score.
Perform the activity
- Review the listening ports on your own computer.
- Match ports 22, 53, 80, 443 and 3306 with services.
- Decide which services should or should not be exposed in a sample server design.
Workshop safety: Activities involving scanning, web vulnerabilities or security testing must be performed only on the assigned training target or intentionally vulnerable lab.
Read and understand the working example
Common examples:
22 SSH
53 DNS
80 HTTP
443 HTTPS
3306 MySQLThis example is shown for guided learning. Real host/network execution is reserved for the isolated cyber-range stage.
Prove your understanding
A training server exposes 22, 80 and 3306. Explain which service is most likely behind each port and whether public exposure is necessary.